Assessment of Water Demand and Supply in Tumfure,Akko Local Government, Gombe State, Nigeria

Abstract

Water scarcity remains a major challenge in many arid and semi-arid regions, impacting socio-economic development and public health. This study assesses the patterns of water demand and supply in Tumfure, Akko Local Government, Gombe State, Nigeria, a rapidly urbanising area facing increasing pressure on its water resources. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative data from 100 structured questionnaires and qualitative insights from key informant interviews and field observations. Findings reveal that 58% of residents rely on commercial water tankers, which are costly and unreliable, while 34% depend on piped water, and 8% use rainwater harvesting, mainly for non-drinking purposes. Infrastructure deficiencies (58%) and population growth (37%) were identified as the primary factors affecting water reliability. Socio-economic impacts include 40% of households reporting disruptions in education due to water shortages and income instability caused by fluctuating water costs. The study highlights the need for improved water infrastructure, community-based water management strategies, and policy interventions to enhance equitable water distribution. Addressing these challenges is essential for ensuring sustainable water supply, improving health outcomes, and reducing socio-economic disparities in Tumfure. Recommendations include improved water infrastructure, community-based water management